Modified_2022-2023

The first stage compares an input against a reference and transitions to low logic level when the input is greater than a upper level threshold. The output transitions to logic high when the input has reduced below a low level threshold. With an RC feedback filter, the circuit becomes a relaxation oscillator. The output is a square wave at 50% duty ratio. A high pass filter centers the square wave about zero. Finally an integrator converts the square wave to a triangular wave. An inverting amplifier with unity gain creates a second signal that is out of phase with respect to the original. The result is two carrier wave forms for interleaved modulation.