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3 bit Binary Weighted DAC Vo = -V_ref*(R_f/R)(b0/8+ b1/4+b0/2) If R_f = R, then Vo = -V_ref*(R_f/R)(b0/8+ b1/4+b0/2) Here I am using V_ref = -8 V When b0 = 0, b1 = 0, b2 = 0, Vo = 0V When b0 = 1, b1 = 0, b2 = 0, Vo = 1 V When b0 = 0, b1 = 1, b2 = 0, Vo = 2 V When b0 = 1, b1 = 1, b2 = 0, Vo = 3 V When b0 = 0, b1 = 0, b2 = 1, Vo = 4 V When b0 = 1, b1 = 0, b2 = 1, Vo = 5 V When b0 = 0, b1 = 1, b2 = 1, Vo = 6 V When b0 = 1, b1 = 1, b2 = 1, Vo = 7 V